Retail in Poland

March 2024
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Overview:

Understand the latest market trends and future growth opportunities for the Retailing industry in Poland with research from Euromonitor International's team of in-country analysts – experts by industry and geographic specialisation.

Key trends are clearly and succinctly summarised alongside the most current research data available. Understand and assess competitive threats and plan corporate strategy with our qualitative analysis, insight and confident growth projections.

Data and analysis in this report provides further detailed coverage dedicated to the following key categories, where applicable:

  • Convenience Stores
  • Discounters
  • Hypermarkets
  • Supermarkets
  • Traditional Grocery Retailers
  • Apparel and Footwear Specialist Retailers
  • Electronics and Appliance Specialist Retailers
  • Health and Beauty Specialist Retailers
  • Home and Garden Specialist Retailers
  • Department Stores
  • Variety Stores
  • Warehouse Clubs
  • Direct Selling
  • Homeshopping
  • Vending

If you're in the Retailing industry in Poland, our research will help you to make informed, intelligent decisions; to recognise and profit from opportunity, or to offer resilience amidst market uncertainty.

The Retailing in Poland report includes:

  • Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends
  • Detailed segmentation of international and local products
  • Historic volume and value sizes, company and brand market shares
  • Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth
  • Robust and transparent research methodology, conducted in-country

This report answers:

  • What is the market size of Retailing in Poland?
  • Which are the leading retailers in Retailing in Poland?
  • How are products distributed in Retailing in Poland?
  • How is the rise of e-commerce and the expansion of modern grocery retail impacting traditional retail?
  • How significant are discounters and private label in Poland?
  • How has the impact of COVID-19 and national lockdown impacted consumer demand?
  • Which formats have benefited the most from stockpiling and enforced home seclusion?
  • How will the wider economic impact of COVID-19 shape the retail landscape in the future?
  • Where is future growth expected to be most dynamic?
Download Table of Contents

Retail in Poland

Retail in 2023: The big picture
The number of retail stores is falling
Retail parks become a permanent part of the Polish retail landscape
What next for retail?
Informal retail
Opening hours for physical retail
Summary 1 Standard Opening Hours by Channel Type 2023
Seasonality
Christmas
Easter
Table 1 Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: Value 2018-2023
Table 2 Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 3 Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: Value 2018-2023
Table 4 Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 5 Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: Units 2018-2023
Table 6 Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2018-2023
Table 7 Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2018-2023
Table 8 Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 9 Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 10 Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 11 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2018-2023
Table 12 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 13 Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2018-2023
Table 14 Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2018-2023
Table 15 Non-Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 16 Non-Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 17 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2018-2023
Table 18 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 19 Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2018-2023
Table 20 Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2018-2023
Table 21 Retail GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 22 Retail GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 23 Retail Offline GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 24 Retail Offline GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 25 Retail Offline LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 26 Retail E-Commerce GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 27 Retail E-Commerce GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 28 Grocery Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 29 Grocery Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 30 Grocery Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 31 Non-Grocery Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 32 Non-Grocery Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 33 Non-Grocery Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 34 Forecast Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: Value 2023-2028
Table 35 Forecast Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: % Value Growth 2023-2028
Table 36 Forecast Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: Value 2023-2028
Table 37 Forecast Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: % Value Growth 2023-2028
Table 38 Forecast Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: Units 2023-2028
Table 39 Forecast Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2023-2028
Table 40 Forecast Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2023-2028
Table 41 Forecast Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2023-2028
Table 42 Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 43 Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028
Table 44 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2023-2028
Table 45 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2023-2028
Table 46 Forecast Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2023-2028
Table 47 Forecast Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2023-2028
Table 48 Non-Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 49 Non-Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028
Table 50 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2023-2028
Table 51 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2023-2028
Table 52 Forecast Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2023-2028
Table 53 Forecast Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2023-2028

DISCLAIMER

Summary 2 Research Sources

Convenience Retailers in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

High prices discourage customers while Zabka opens many more stores
Autonomous stores tested in Poland
Challenging time for convenience stores’ operators
Eurocash creates the Moje Sklepy retail chain
7-Eleven considers entering Poland over the forecast period proving strong competition for Zabka
New technology shapes convenience stores
Table 54 Convenience Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 55 Convenience Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 56 Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: Value 2018-2023
Table 57 Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 58 Convenience Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 59 Convenience Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 60 Convenience Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 61 Convenience Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 62 Convenience Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028
Table 63 Forecast Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: Value 2023-2028
Table 64 Forecast Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2023-2028

Supermarkets in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Plenty of scope for new entrants in the Polish supermarkets landscape
Dino outperforms other supermarket chains thanks to expansion and the introduction of renewable energy
Auchan focuses on development through franchising, Scan & Go services and the launch of parcel lockers in cooperation with InPost
Continued potential for growth in supermarkets over the forecast period
Operating results deteriorate due to macroeconomic environment
Dino Polska SA continues its establishment of Zielony Rynek retail parks over the forecast period
Table 65 Supermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 66 Supermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 67 Supermarkets GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 68 Supermarkets GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 69 Supermarkets LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 70 Supermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 71 Supermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028

Hypermarkets in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Changing consumer habits are increasingly adverse for growth of hypermarkets
Kaufland develops compact hypermarkets that are better positioned for growth as they appeal to consumers seeking to shop in locations closer to home
Carrefour trials a variety of services in its hypermarkets to retain consumers
Necessary changes required for hypermarkets seeking to remain relevant
A smaller selling space welcomed by consumers
Carrefour tests its Maxi concept in Poland with the aim of focusing more on private label and on reducing the food range
Table 72 Hypermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 73 Hypermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 74 Hypermarkets GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 75 Hypermarkets GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 76 Hypermarkets LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 77 Hypermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 78 Hypermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028

Discounters in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Discounters strengthen their position in retail
Operators tempt customers with price reductions
Biedronka increases its advantage over its competition
Good prospects for the channel for the forecast period
Vollmart plans to expand its network
Ambitious plans for further growth over the forecast period
Table 79 Discounters: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 80 Discounters: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 81 Discounters GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 82 Discounters GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 83 Discounters LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 84 Discounters Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 85 Discounters Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028

Small Local Grocers in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Small local grocers struggle to compete with discounters and other retail channels with many joining chains leading to a decline in outlet numbers
Carrefour resigns from Galerie Alkoholi chain
Food/drinks/tobacco specialists provide an opportunity for local producers
Poor prospects for small local grocers in small towns
Food producers consider running their own specialist chains
Diversification necessary for small local grocers though improving prospects for health food stores also proves detrimental to forecast period sales
Table 86 Small Local Grocers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 87 Small Local Grocers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 88 Small Local Grocers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 89 Small Local Grocers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 90 Small Local Grocers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 91 Small Local Grocers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 92 Small Local Grocers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028

General Merchandise Stores in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Increased budget-consciousness among consumers favours variety stores
Expansion of Action and Dealz in Poland
German chain Woolworth sees potential for development in Poland
The growth of variety stores associated with favourable forecasts for retail parks
Intensified competition hampers operational efficiencies and profit margins
Continued decline for department stores over the forecast period
Table 93 General Merchandise Stores: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 94 General Merchandise Stores: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 95 Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: Value 2018-2023
Table 96 Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 97 General Merchandise Stores GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 98 General Merchandise Stores GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 99 General Merchandise Stores LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 100 General Merchandise Stores Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 101 General Merchandise Stores Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028
Table 102 Forecast Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: Value 2023-2028
Table 103 Forecast Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: % Value Growth 2023-2028

Apparel and Footwear Specialists in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Consumers continue looking for savings as inflation puts pressure on their disposable incomes
The number of offline stores is decreasing due to a growing shift towards retail e-commerce
Stores open in retail parks in response to consumer demand
Ongoing decline in outlet numbers with the channel characterised by fast fashion
Apparel and footwear chains focus on retail e-commerce at the expense of their offline stores
Trend towards second hand clothing is long lasting and forces manufacturers to boost their focus on sustainability
Table 104 Apparel and Footwear Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 105 Apparel and Footwear Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 106 Apparel and Footwear Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 107 Apparel and Footwear Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 108 Apparel and Footwear Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 109 Apparel and Footwear Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 110 Apparel and Footwear Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028

Appliances and Electronics Specialists in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Economic slowdown and high inflation subdue sales of appliances and electronic specialists
The channel is increasingly characterised by large chains
Large chains such as Media Expert consolidate their positions in the channel
Growing demand for housing loans boost sales of appliances and electronics
Outlet numbers continue declining as more purchases move online
Chinese company JD.com considers entry to European markets
Table 111 Appliances and Electronics Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 112 Appliances and Electronics Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 113 Appliances and Electronics Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 114 Appliances and Electronics Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 115 Appliances and Electronics Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 116 Appliances and Electronics Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 117 Appliances and Electronics Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028

Home Products Specialists in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Soaring inflation curbs spending on home renovation and interior design projects
Retailers introduce solutions to improve the purchasing process
Chained homewares and home furnishing stores enhance their sustainability credentials
Category performance dependent on the economic climate over the forecast period and government initiatives
PSB Mrowka stores embrace the potential of retail parks
Pet shops and superstores registers the fastest forecast period growth
Table 118 Home Products Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 119 Home Products Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 120 Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: Value 2018-2023
Table 121 Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 122 Home Products Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 123 Home Products Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 124 Home Products Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 125 Home Products Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 126 Home Products Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028
Table 127 Forecast Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: Value 2023-2028
Table 128 Forecast Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2023-2028

Health and Beauty Specialists in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Innovation and wide availability of cosmetics drive demand for health and beauty specialists
Rossmann maintains its considerable advantage in the channel
Legislation introduces more stringent requirements for opening of new pharmacies and takeover of existing ones
Further consolidation for the channel over the forecast period
Super-Pharm introduces a new retail brand that operates as a drugstore without a pharmacy
Good prospects for pharmacies over the forecast period
Table 129 Health and Beauty Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2018-2023
Table 130 Health and Beauty Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2018-2023
Table 131 Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: Value 2018-2023
Table 132 Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 133 Health and Beauty Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 134 Health and Beauty Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 135 Health and Beauty Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2020-2023
Table 136 Health and Beauty Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2023-2028
Table 137 Health and Beauty Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2023-2028
Table 138 Forecast Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: Value 2023-2028
Table 139 Forecast Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2023-2028

Vending in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

The modernisation of vending machines has a positive impact on channel sales
Vending in office buildings performs well as some employees continue to work from home, reducing demand for canteens
Vending expands in terms of product range
Vending benefits from busier lifestyles and further diversification while the channel becomes increasingly concentrated
Sales automation favours vending over the forecast period
Vending machines offering fresh food have the ability to meet customer expectations
Table 140 Vending by Product: Value 2018-2023
Table 141 Vending by Product: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 142 Vending GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 143 Vending GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 144 Vending Forecasts by Product: Value 2023-2028
Table 145 Vending Forecasts by Product: % Value Growth 2023-2028

Direct Selling in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Slight improvement in the direct selling industry
Health and beauty direct selling remains the largest channel
Digitalisation and social media are essential tools as the channel adapts to changing consumer demands and shopping preferences
Direct selling is supported by retail e-commerce development within the channel over the forecast period
Artificial intelligence and augmented reality launched by Avon increase consumer engagement and confidence in shopping online
New players enter Poland over the forecast period though some investors are put off by the ongoing war in Ukraine
Table 146 Direct Selling by Product: Value 2018-2023
Table 147 Direct Selling by Product: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 148 Direct Selling GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 149 Direct Selling GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 150 Direct Selling Forecasts by Product: Value 2023-2028
Table 151 Direct Selling Forecasts by Product: % Value Growth 2023-2028

Retail E-Commerce in Poland

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Consumers actively seek out lower prices online
Allegro.pl retains strong outright lead thanks to wide range and high-frequency purchases
Grocery e-commerce players prove proactive with value-added subscription offers
Retail e-commerce set to further gain share thanks to growth in marketplaces
More brands to sell directly to customers over forecast period
Emergence of new players further boosts the potential of retail e-commerce
Table 152 Retail E-Commerce by Channel: Value 2018-2023
Table 153 Retail E-Commerce by Channel: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 154 Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2018-2023
Table 155 Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2018-2023
Table 156 Retail E-Commerce GBO Company Shares: % Value 2019-2023
Table 157 Retail E-Commerce GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2020-2023
Table 158 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Channel: Value 2023-2028
Table 159 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Channel: % Value Growth 2023-2028
Table 160 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2023-2028
Table 161 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2023-2028
The following categories and subcategories are included:

Retailing

      • Fashion Vending
      • Health and Beauty Vending
      • Appliances and Electronics Vending
        • Alcoholic Drinks Vending
        • Hot Drinks Vending
        • Soft Drinks Vending
        • Tobacco Products Vending
      • Foods Vending
      • Home Products Vending
      • Other Products Vending
        • Apparel and Footwear Direct Selling
        • Personal Accessories Direct Selling
        • Eyewear Direct Selling
        • Beauty and Personal Care Direct Selling
        • Consumer Health Direct Selling
        • Tissue and Hygiene Direct Selling
      • Appliances and Electronics Direct Selling
      • Drinks and Tobacco Direct Selling
      • Foods Direct Selling
      • Home Products Direct Selling
      • Other Products Direct Selling
        • Apparel and Footwear E-Commerce
        • Personal Accessories E-Commerce
        • Eyewear E-Commerce
        • Beauty and Personal Care E-Commerce
        • Consumer Health E-Commerce
        • Tissue and Hygiene E-Commerce
        • Consumer Appliances E-Commerce
        • Consumer Electronics E-Commerce
        • Toys and Games E-Commerce
      • Drinks and Tobacco E-Commerce
      • Foods E-Commerce
        • Home Care E-Commerce
        • Home and Garden E-Commerce
        • Pet Care E-Commerce
      • Other Products E-Commerce
        • First-Party (1P) Marketplace E-Commerce
        • Third-Party (3P) Marketplace E-Commerce
      • Grocery E-Commerce
      • General Merchandiser E-Commerce
      • Apparel and Footwear Specialist E-Commerce
      • Appliances and Electronics Specialist E-Commerce
      • Home Products Specialist E-Commerce
      • Health and Beauty Specialist E-Commerce
      • Leisure and Personal Goods Specialist E-Commerce
      • Other E-Commerce Retailers

Retailing

Retail is the sale of new and used goods to consumers from a business for personal or household consumption from retail outlets, kiosks, market stalls, vending, direct selling and e-commerce. Retail is the aggregation of Retail Offline and Retail E-Commerce. Excludes specialist retailers of motor vehicles, motorcycles, vehicle parts. Also excludes fuel sales, foodservice sales, rental transactions, and wholesale sales (e.g. Cash and Carry). Sales value excluding or including VAT/Sales Tax. Retail also excludes the informal retail sector. Informal retailing is retail trade which is not declared to the tax authorities. Informal retailing encompasses (a) sales generated by unregistered and unlicensed retailers, i.e. retailers operating illegally, and (b) any proportion of sales generated by a registered and licensed retailer that is not declared to the tax authorities. Unregistered and unlicensed retailers operate predominantly (although not exclusively) as street hawkers or operate open market stalls, as these channels are harder for the authorities to monitor than permanent outlets. Activities in the illegal market, which is usually understood to refer to trade in illegal, counterfeit or stolen merchandise, are included within our definition of informal retailing. Activities in the “grey market”, which is usually understood to refer to trade in legal merchandise that is sold through unauthorized channels – for example cigarettes bought legally in another country, legally imported, but sold at lower prices than in authorized channels – will be included as informal retailing if no tax is paid on sale by the retailer. However if the retailer pays tax – for example on cigarettes bought legally in another country but sold at a lower price than standard – the sale is included within formal retail.

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