Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 14% of the world’s population and by 2030, the region’s population will surpass that of China. The way consumers shop in the region is ever-changing and evolving, with a mix of modern and ancient, formal and informal.
Retailing performance is driven by various factors, including economic growth, socio-political stability and a rising middle class. Parallel to this, improvements in business and the collapse of former regional players like East Africa’s Nakumatt is opening room to new entrants. South Africa, Nigeria and Kenya are key markets in value terms, while the industry continues to further modernise in promising markets such as Cote d’Ivoire.
With a projected GDP growth of 3 to 4% in 2020, the region’s retailing landscape is expected to be affected by government policies, social dynamics, technology and infrastructure developments.
Informal retailing is here to stay
The economic impact and contribution of the informal retailing sector remains undeniably critical in the region, with the channel representing up to 90% of the retailing value in countries like Nigeria and Uganda. In 2019, governments, modern retailers, manufacturers and Fintech have developed interest, as they realise the informal sector is not going to disappear anytime soon, despite modernisation across the region.
Hence, initiatives aimed at stimulating entrepreneurship, preventing fiscal leakage, and tapping into low-income consumers are expected to gain momentum going forward. For instance, for the first time in 20 years, Ethiopia provided trading licences to 840 stores, mostly based in the Merkato open-air market in Addis Ababa.
Across the border, programs like ‘Smart Duka’, have been spreading in Kenya. Providing expertise and resources to improve operations of small informal shops. Meanwhile, the South African Competition Commission has called on the government to regulate and support spaza shops that are threatened by the expansion of modern chained retailers.
Rising middle-class will boost modern retailing
Modern grocery retailing, which only represents 4% of retailing value in sub-Saharan Africa, is expected to expand aggressively. This will be supported by the entrance of regional and international players like Carrefour, who will leverage their capital and expertise to expand niche channels like hypermarkets.
Rising urbanisation is expected to continue stimulating growth in convenience stores and supermarkets. Parallel to this, licence agreements and strategic partnerships between local and international players are set to become key competitive tools. The trend is expected to be noticeable across emerging countries with a rising middle class like Tanzania and Ghana.
Similarly, the development and expansion of shopping centres across the region will give room for anchor outlets like department stores, while providing platforms for specialist retailers selling apparel and footwear. For example, the imminent launch of the Douala Grand Mall, the first modern shopping mall in Cameroon with 160 stores spread across 17,415 square meters.
Synchronized shopping experience will reshape business models
Increased internet penetration and the influx of affordable smartphones will continue to reshape shopping behaviour. As consumers embrace the convenience of window-shopping and interreacting on social media from their mobile phones. In response to this trend, more retailers will embrace omnichannel approaches, by introducing their online platforms or through strategic partnerships with leading e-commerce retailers like Jumia. Likewise, social media will continue to grow as a key marketing platform.
Parallel to this, online marketplaces like mallforafrica.com are expected to facilitate the integration of cross-border retailing. This will be consolidated by, ‘glocalized’ strategies like cash on delivery and mobile payment options, which overcome the low levels of formal banking.
While the trend unfolds, ‘click and collect’ will continue to gain momentum as it adds convenience and consumer confidence, reducing company distribution costs. Eliminating challenges caused by difficulties in locating shoppers’ addresses due to inadequate road mapping across the region.
The way forward
The growth of the regional retail industry is no longer questioned as it evolves from a traditional to the modern landscape. However, beyond population and economic growth, tapping into this market will require a clear understanding of diversity in cultural backgrounds, disposable income, and level of infrastructure developments in this complex region.