Economy, Finance and Trade

In 2023, Turkey’s real GDP growth slowed to 2.8% amid tight financial conditions and surging inflation, but it outperformed Western Europe’s average growth. Furthermore, Turkey’s inflation levels decreased to 53.9% in 2023, following a change in the…

In 2023, Greece’s GDP growth slowed to 2.2%, but outperformed Western Europe’s average. Economic growth was driven by private spending, gross fixed capital formation, and a resurgence in tourism, although it was hindered to some extent by sluggish…

In 2023, Denmark's real GDP growth slowed to 1.4%, yet outperformed the Western European average. Despite a rise in private spending and exports, the economy was hindered by sluggish public consumption and increased interest rates. Over the forecast…

In 2023, Ethiopia’s GDP grew by 6.1% in real terms, but its GDP per capita remained lower than the regional average. The country’s economic growth was driven by an increase in private spending, although sluggish public consumption, and weak gross…

The report examines the economic landscape of Panama and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by private consumption, government spending,…

The report examines the economic landscape of Georgia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by exports, private consumption, government…

In 2023, Nigeria’s real GDP growth slowed to 2.7%, due to disruptions caused by the Central Bank’s policy changes and a liquidity crunch. Nevertheless, the economy outperformed the Middle East and Africa’s average growth. Nigeria’s economic…

In 2023, Peru’s economy contracted by 0.6%, amid the disruptions related to anti-government protests and the impact of the El Niño weather phenomenon. Over the year, however, exports showed relative resilience. The economy is projected to recover in…

In 2023, Spain’s economy demonstrated a degree of resilience, with real GDP growth of 2.5%, outperforming the Western European average, despite the environment of geopolitical instability, high inflation and elevated burrowing costs. However, a…

In 2023, France’s GDP growth slowed to 0.7%, underperforming Western Europe’s average, weighed down by high inflation, stringent financial conditions and sluggish public consumption. The country’s economic growth is projected to pick up in 2024,…

The report examines the economic landscape of Bulgaria and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade, investments, and government finance. The economy in Bulgaria expanded in real terms in 2022, driven by private consumption…

The report examines the economic landscape of Serbia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by exports, private consumption. However, global…

The report examines the economic landscape of Cameroon and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by exports, private consumption, investments.…

The report examines the economic landscape of Latvia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy contracted in real terms in 2023, dragged down by exports, private consumption, government…

In 2023, Uganda’s GDP growth slowed to 4.6%, but still surpassed the average in the Middle East and Africa. The country’s economic performance was driven by increased private and public spending, and a surge in exports, particularly coffee and gold.…

In 2023, Portugal’s economy grew by 2.2%, outperforming Western Europe’s average, supported by increases in private spending, public consumption, and a thriving tourism industry. However, a slowdown is expected in 2024, due to a challenging external…

In 2023, Myanmar’s real GDP growth slowed to 2.8%, due to the continued civil conflict. The blocking of trade routes is having a dramatic impact on exports of textiles and apparel, while the military government is having little success in attracting…

In 2023, Switzerland’s GDP growth slowed to 0.7%, dragged down by subdued private investment and public consumption. Following this deceleration in 2023, the Swiss economy is projected to grow by 1.2% in 2024, primarily driven by domestic activity.…

Colombia’s GDP growth slowed to 1.3% in real terms in 2023, due to a decline in investment and exports, although private and public spending increased. Colombia’s trade sector experienced a downturn during the year, with both exports and imports…

Despite an economic slowdown in 2023, Mexico’s economy outperformed the Latin American average, supported by relatively strong domestic demand and ongoing nearshoring investments. However, a further deceleration is anticipated in 2024, owing to a…

The report examines the economic landscape of Venezuela and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by private consumption, government spending,…

The report examines the economic landscape of Israel and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by private consumption, government spending,…

Argentina’s economy contracted in 2023, as a result of sluggish private spending, hyperinflation and high interest rates, leading to a rise in poverty. The country’s inflation rate surged, largely due to currency depreciation and the removal of price…

The report examines the economic landscape of Lebanon and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy contracted in real terms in 2023. Global economic slowdown, rising geopolitical tensions…

In 2023, Australia’s real GDP growth slowed to 2.0%, but still surpassed the average growth of developed economies. Following a projected further deceleration in 2024, the economy is predicted to expand at a CAGR of 2.1% over 2023-2028, supported by…

The report examines the economic landscape of Iraq and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy contracted in real terms in 2023, dragged down by private consumption, government spending,…

The report examines the economic landscape of Azerbaijan and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by private consumption, investments. However…

In 2023, real GDP growth in Vietnam was 4.9%, outperforming the average for the Asia Pacific region as a whole. This was in part because of its robust industrial products offering, servicing global manufacturing supply chains with machinery parts and…

Finland’s economic growth stagnated in 2023, despite a rise in public consumption. In the near future, the country’s economic development is projected to improve with the help of the Next Generation EU scheme, although sluggish growth in private…

In 2023, Canada witnessed sluggish economic growth, hampered by weak investment and exports, tighter monetary policy and increasing household debt. Economic growth is projected to decelerate further in 2024, influenced by elevated interest rates,…

The report examines the economic landscape of Kazakhstan and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by private consumption, investments. However,…

In 2023, Belgium’s economy slowed but still outperformed Western Europe’s average, driven by private and public spending, and a strong services sector. However, projections for 2024 suggest a further deceleration and a widening budget deficit.…

The report examines the economic landscape of Bolivia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by private consumption. However global economic…

In 2023, Romania’s GDP growth slowed to 2.0%, slightly below the Eastern European average, weighed down by elevated inflation and slowing private spending growth. However, economic growth is projected to accelerate in 2024, supported by the European…

In 2023, Malaysia’s GDP growth slowed to 4.0%, amid a challenging global economic environment, geopolitical conflicts, and tight monetary policies. However, Malaysia’s GDP per capita remained above the Asia Pacific average over the year. The…

In 2023, Ghana’s economy slowed, with GDP growth of 2.0% in real terms. The slowdown was attributable to macroeconomic instability, a significant surge in inflation, and decreases in exports and investment. However, the economy is projected to…

In 2023, Brazil’s GDP growth decelerated slightly, to 2.9%, but outperformed the Latin American average, driven by robust domestic demand. Furthermore, the country’s inflation rate fell to 4.6%, due to high interest rates and lower commodity prices.…

Ecuador’s GDP grew by 1.5% in real terms in 2023. Among positive developments, private and public spending increased, supporting economic activity in the country. However, the economy was hindered by sluggish gross fixed capital formation and…

Real GDP growth decelerated in 2023, amid rising inflationary pressures, tighter monetary policy and heightened global uncertainty. Moreover, Bangladesh faces serious economic challenges, such as a fragile financial sector, exchange rate volatility,…

The report examines the economic landscape of Slovakia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by exports, investments. However, global economic…

The report examines the economic landscape of Turkmenistan and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by exports, private consumption, government…

The report examines the economic landscape of Estonia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy contracted in real terms in 2023, dragged down by exports, private consumption,…

The report examines the economic landscape of Croatia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2023, driven by private consumption, government spending,…

In 2023, Austria’s real GDP contracted by 0.7%, which was below Western Europe’s average growth. The economic slowdown was attributable to high inflation, rising interest rates, labour shortages and sluggish public consumption and investment. Going…

In 2023, Tanzania's GDP grew by 5.3%, driven by increased private and public spending, and broadened tax collection. GDP per capita remained lower than the regional average however. Tanzania's economy is expected to expand at a CAGR of 6.2% over…

In 2023, Qatar's GDP growth slowed to 2.2%, with the hydrocarbon sector driving the economy despite production disruptions and oil price fluctuations. Qatar’s GDP per capita notably exceeded the regional average, supported by a rise in private…

In 2023, GDP growth in Thailand slowed to 2.5%, as the country suffered from only a slow return in demand from its major export markets. Despite inflation dropping to 1.2%, owing to stringent monetary policies, economic performance remained below the…

In 2023, Indonesia’s GDP growth slowed slightly to 5.0%, but still surpassed the Asia Pacific average, driven by increased private and public spending, as well as investment. Despite a projected further slowdown in 2024, the country’s economy is…

In 2023, Poland’s GDP growth slowed sharply to 0.1%, due to reduced household spending and public consumption amid the environment of surging inflation, despite a boost from increased capital formation and exports. The economy is predicted to rebound…

Real GDP growth in Taiwan slowed down to 1.3% in 2023, due to a drop in exports. The country still maintains an important position in the global economy, owing to its position as a leading supplier of machinery and electronic components to major…