Income and Expenditure

The world is rapidly evolving due economic, political, geographic and climate changes. This is contributing to a change in consumer’s habit and behaviour as they try to keep pace with these newer developments. Deeper understanding of these changes…

Increased economic uncertainty, digitisation of business activities, the need to improve operational efficiency, and stricter regulations encourage companies to review their supply networks and fortify them against the potential risks in the future.…

Cities are hubs for spending, with 80% of expenditure expected to be generated by urban areas in 2023. Spending growth in 2023 will, however, be sluggish, as cost of living challenges force consumers to be more conservative in their expenditure. Over…

The global energy crisis has had far-reaching implications for consumers, businesses and entire economies, highlighting the importance of the global energy transition and boosting energy efficiency, while creating opportunities for innovation and…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Nigeria’s population is projected to expand by 47% between 2022 and 2040, driven by natural increase, with a median age of 21 years dominated by Gen Alpha. The ongoing urbanization is largely unplanned, resulting in the proliferation of slums and…

From 2022 to 2040, South Africa's population growth will slow due to declining fertility rates, leading to childless households rising. Generation Alpha (15-30 age group) are set to overtake millennials as the most prevalent cohort. Ongoing…

Significant income inequality and elevated inflation pose challenges to Kenya’s consumer market in the medium term. Discretionary spending is predicted to remain limited, due to the extensive size of social class E. Due to the country’s strong…

Tanzania's per capita income is projected to grow in real terms until 2027, driven by robust economic growth. Middle Youth will dominate the highest earning population band, influencing luxury spending. Income inequality is extremely high and…

Continued income inequality and rising inflation threaten consumer market development in Ghana. With a significant portion of the population allocating most of their income to necessities, discretionary spending is set to remain limited over the long…