Standardised coverage and timely analysis helping you to understa...
Standardised coverage and timely analysis helping you to understand in-depth detail on the income levels and spending habits of consumers around the world.
In 2023, Spain ranked 14th among Western European countries in terms of average gross income, with a decrease in per capita disposable income in the year due to an economic slowdown and a drop in labour productivity. Despite this, future projections…
In 2023, Germany experienced a decrease in average per capita disposable income due to an economic contraction and a drop in labour productivity, despite maintaining a productivity level above the Western European average. Meanwhile, the gender gap…
In 2023, France ranked 11th among Western European nations for average gross income, while per capita disposable income in real terms recorded an increase over the year. However, the gender gap in terms of employment and income remains an issue in…
In 2023, Austria ranked fifth among Western European nations for average gross income. Over the year, the country recorded a 2% decrease in per capita disposable income amid the environment of economic slowdown, continuously high inflationary…
In 2023, per capita disposable incomes increased in the Netherlands although at a slow pace as economic slowdown and persistent inflationary pressures constrained growth. Looking ahead, income distribution is expected to remain comparatively balanced…
In 2023, Italy ranked 13th among Western European countries in average gross income, with a modest rise in per capita disposable income in 2023. Economic slowdown and persistent inflationary pressures constrained income growth. Furthermore, income…
In 2023, Belgium ranked sixth among Western European countries for average gross income. Over the year, the country’s per capita disposable incomes slightly increased, supported by the country’s wage indexation system. Per capita disposable income is…
This briefing provides a global perspective of the key trends occurring in cities over 2018 -2023. It goes on to provide forecast data and insights for cities over 2024-2040, covering areas such as the economic, population and consumer spending…
Technological advances in 2024 will continue to reshape consumer behaviour. This annual report explores the top five digital shopper trends that will redefine commerce the most in the year ahead. Some of the trends included in this report’s edition…
This report examines inflation levels and drivers globally and in key countries in Q4 2023 and 2024. Global inflation is moderating, although divergence remains among the key economies. Higher volatility in the energy markets and disruption of…
In the upcoming years, consumers and businesses face an array of challenges, with rising income inequality being among the key ones. Nevertheless, addressing the income inequality through catering to the Bottom of the Pyramid and the Middle Class…
Income growth in Finland is anticipated to be sluggish due to subdued economic growth, although it is expected to maintain a high standing within the EU context. As the lowest income class experiences the fastest expansion among all income classes,…
Ireland is expected to experience economic growth and increased per capita income over 2022-2027. Later Lifers are projected to dominate the top income group, influencing luxury spending. While income inequality is forecast to increase, poverty rates…
Greece's per capita income is set to rise, driven by Later Lifers influencing luxury spending. Despite an increase in income inequality, it will remain high in global terms. Social class E will grow rapidly, while social class D will remain…
Norway is expected to experience economic growth and increased per capita income over 2022-2027, with growing savings per capita. Later Lifers are predicted to be the highest earners by 2027, impacting luxury spending trends. Income inequality is…
By 2040, Spain’s consumer landscape is set to be dominated by childless households, as the fertility rate declines owing to the population continuing to age. Consumers continue to seek bargains, with almost half switching to private label in 2022.…
In 2022, Sweden experienced population growth, driven by increased immigration, notably from Ukrainian citizens seeking refuge due to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Millennials became the largest generational cohort, shaping consumer behaviour with…
Portugal's per capita income will notably rise. Later Lifers will lead luxury spending. Despite a projected decrease in income inequality, it will remain high in global terms. Social class C will grow rapidly, while social class D remains dominant.…
The Danish population is expanding due to an influx of immigrants, while businesses are becoming more diverse and inclusive. Consumer trends and consumption patterns sparked by the pandemic are still observed in 2022, and consumers are increasingly…
Private label – retailers’ alternatives to brands – tend to benefit from inflation. However, despite record inflation in France, Germany and the UK, the market share of private label in the three countries remained broadly stable across FMCGs in…