Income and Expenditure

By 2040, Spain’s consumer landscape is set to be dominated by childless households, as the fertility rate declines owing to the population continuing to age. Consumers continue to seek bargains, with almost half switching to private label in 2022.…

In 2022, Sweden experienced population growth, driven by increased immigration, notably from Ukrainian citizens seeking refuge due to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Millennials became the largest generational cohort, shaping consumer behaviour with…

Private label – retailers’ alternatives to brands – tend to benefit from inflation. However, despite record inflation in France, Germany and the UK, the market share of private label in the three countries remained broadly stable across FMCGs in…

Germany experiences a continuous flow of immigrants that supports its population, and its businesses are embracing greater diversity and inclusivity. The impacts of the pandemic on consumer trends and spending habits are still evident in 2022, with a…

In the upcoming years, consumers and businesses face an array of challenges, with income inequality, mass migration and rising uncertainty about another crisis being among the major ones. Nevertheless, within this lie untapped opportunities. This…

Inflationary pressures are expected to hinder real disposable income growth and diminish purchasing power in the near future. Nevertheless, the government is implementing measures to protect vulnerable households amidst the cost-of-living crisis.…

The UK’s population is ageing, and more people are choosing to live child-free. By 2040, Millennials (aged 45-60 years) will be the largest demographic, surpassing Baby Boomers. To cope with rising costs, consumers actively seek bargains, although…

Rapidly aging population and negative rate of natural change in Italy compensated by growing immigration and influx of refugees. Consumer trends and consumption patterns sparked by the pandemic are still observed in 2022, and consumers are…

Population expansion, higher birth rates, urbanisation, migration and generational shifts continue to shape Turkey’s demographic landscape. Persisting economic challenges influence Turkish consumption patterns with more people seeking affordability.…

The global energy crisis has had far-reaching implications for consumers, businesses and entire economies, highlighting the importance of the global energy transition and boosting energy efficiency, while creating opportunities for innovation and…

Consumers are facing increased pressure from rising prices as global inflation reaches 7% in 2023. The impact of higher costs of living is felt from top earners in developed markets to struggling households in emerging and developing countries.…

Cities are hubs for spending, with 80% of expenditure expected to be generated by urban areas in 2023. Spending growth in 2023 will, however, be sluggish, as cost of living challenges force consumers to be more conservative in their expenditure. Over…

In 2022, the Netherlands saw stable birth rates, but deaths exceeded births for the first time since 1900. Immigration, particularly from Ukraine, contributed to population growth. The housing crisis worsened due to increased demand, leading to a…

Turkish consumer income is predicted to increase at a faster rate than in Western Europe over the period to 2027, although starting from lower initial levels. Middle-aged consumers are set to earn the most, due to better jobs and multiple income…

The French population is sustained by an influx of immigrants, while businesses are becoming more diverse and inclusive. Consumer trends and consumption patterns sparked by the pandemic are still observed in 2022, and consumers are increasingly…

The Belgian population is expanding due to an influx of immigrants, while businesses are becoming more diverse and inclusive. Consumer trends and consumption patterns sparked by the pandemic are still observed in 2022, and consumers are increasingly…

Global consumers are struggling with the cost of living crisis, as inflation remains high while household income growth lags. Consumers are adopting recessionary habits, such as trading down and being more selective in their spending. Rather than…

Increased economic uncertainty, digitisation of business activities, the need to improve operational efficiency, and stricter regulations encourage companies to review their supply networks and fortify them against the potential risks in the future.…

The world is rapidly evolving due economic, political, geographic and climate changes. This is contributing to a change in consumer’s habit and behaviour as they try to keep pace with these newer developments. Deeper understanding of these changes…

It is important to understand how urbanisation is being driven in emerging markets, and how new suburban developments are occurring in developed markets, what changes in household types and sizes will occur, and how the modern home will evolve,…