Income and Expenditure

In the upcoming years, consumers and businesses face an array of challenges, with rising income inequality being among the key ones. Nevertheless, addressing the income inequality through catering to the Bottom of the Pyramid and the Middle Class…

In the Czech Republic, gross income is expected to grow in real terms from 2022 to 2027. Late Lifers will dominate the top-income group, influencing luxury spending trends. Income inequality will increase but remain low by global standards. Social…

Ethiopia's consumer income is forecast to grow by nearly one-fifth over 2022-2027, yet still ranking among the world's lowest. Consumer market expansion will face challenges due to soaring inflation, averaging 32% in 2023, as well as severe income…

Incomes in the UAE remain among the highest in the region, supported by robust economic development, a favourable business environment, digitalisation, and government initiatives aimed at attracting investments and skilled labour. The middle-aged…

Uganda is expected to experience significant economic growth from 2022 to 2027, with substantial increases in per capita income. Late Lifers will be the highest earners, influencing luxury spending trends. However, income inequality is projected to…

Incomes in the UAE remain among the highest in the region, supported by robust economic development, a favourable business environment, digitalisation, and government initiatives aimed at attracting investments and skilled labour. The middle-aged…

Moroccan consumer incomes are expected to rise from 2022 to 2027 due to emergence of better job opportunities and increased remittances. However, the growth is set to be slower than regional average, partly due to climate change affecting…

Income growth in Hungary is expected to lag behind the Eastern European average by 2027, given economic uncertainties, decreasing demand, and mounting inflationary pressures. Looking ahead, all income classes in Hungary are projected to decrease as a…

Continued income inequality and rising inflation threaten consumer market development in Ghana. With a significant portion of the population allocating most of their income to necessities, discretionary spending is set to remain limited over the long…

Income growth in Finland is anticipated to be sluggish due to subdued economic growth, although it is expected to maintain a high standing within the EU context. As the lowest income class experiences the fastest expansion among all income classes,…

Tanzania's per capita income is projected to grow in real terms until 2027, driven by robust economic growth. Middle Youth will dominate the highest earning population band, influencing luxury spending. Income inequality is extremely high and…

Businesses globally face challenges in consumer markets in the short to medium term, owing to the rising cost of living and increasingly financially cautious consumers. Amidst uncertainty arise opportunities. Income and expenditure insights are…

In 2022, income levels in Bulgaria ranked among the lowest in the Eastern Europe region, despite a notable increase in the minimum wage in both 2022 and 2023. The forecast for income growth in Bulgaria is sluggish, primarily due to ongoing economic…

Myanmar's per capita income is expected to see a modest increase. Middle Youth will continue to shape luxury spending trends. However, income inequality is set to rise to extremely high levels in global terms. Social class A is poised for rapid…

Ecuador's per capita income is set to rise, driven by Middle Youth influencing luxury spending. While income inequality is expected to decrease, it will remain high in global terms. Social class C will grow rapidly, while social class E will still be…

Urbanization, longer life expectancy, and a falling birth rate are transforming Thailand's consumer landscape. Millennials and Gen Z are gaining influence, while single-person households surge. Traditional gender roles persist, impacting household…

Mexico is poised for a notable rise in per capita income over 2022-2027. Mid-Lifers will continue to drive luxury spending trends. Despite a global high in terms of income inequality, social class E will dominate. The Mexico region will remain the…

Significant income inequality and elevated inflation pose challenges to Kenya’s consumer market in the medium term. Discretionary spending is predicted to remain limited, due to the extensive size of social class E. Due to the country’s strong…

Ireland is expected to experience economic growth and increased per capita income over 2022-2027. Later Lifers are projected to dominate the top income group, influencing luxury spending. While income inequality is forecast to increase, poverty rates…

Greece's per capita income is set to rise, driven by Later Lifers influencing luxury spending. Despite an increase in income inequality, it will remain high in global terms. Social class E will grow rapidly, while social class D will remain…